Process

Definition

• A running program.
• Each process has a unique name known as process ID.

States

• Running: It is running.
• Ready: It is ready to run, but the OS decides to not run it.
• Blocked: It is performing I/O.

APIs provided by OS

• fork(): Create a new process. The caller is the parent, the created one is the child.
• wait(): Wait for the child process to complete execution.
• exec(): Replace the current program with a new program yet using the same process.
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